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ISTQB-CTFL Certification – Valid Exam Dumps Questions Study Guide! (Updated 409 Questions)
NEW QUESTION # 133
You need to test the login page of a web site. The page contains fields for user name and password. Which test design techniques are most appropriate for this case?
- A. Decision table testing, state transition testing.
- B. Exploratory testing, statement coverage.
- C. Equivalence partitioning, Boundary value analysis.
- D. Decision coverage, fault attack.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are test design techniques that are most appropriate for testing the login page of a web site. The page contains fields for user name and password, which are input values that can be divided into partitions of equivalent data. Equivalence partitioning is a technique that divides the input data and output results of a software component into partitions of equivalent data. Each partition should contain data that is treated in the same way by the component. Equivalence partitioning can be used to reduce the number of test cases by selecting one representative value from each partition. Boundary value analysis is a technique that tests boundary values between partitions of equivalent data. Boundary values are values at the edge of an equivalence partition or at the smallest incremental distance on either side of an edge. Boundary value analysis can be used to detect defects caused by incorrect handling of boundary conditions. For example, for testing the user name field, we can identify two equivalence partitions: valid user name (existing and correct) and invalid user name (non-existing or incorrect). The boundary values for these partitions are the minimum and maximum length of user name allowed by the system.
Decision table testing and state transition testing are not suitable for testing the login page of a web site, as they are more applicable for testing components that have multiple inputs and outputs that depend on logical combinations of conditions or events. Decision table testing is a technique that shows combinations of inputs and/or stimuli (causes) with their associated outputs and/or actions (effects). State transition testing is a technique that models how a system transitions from one state to another depending on events or conditions.
Exploratory testing and statement coverage are not suitable for testing the login page of a web site, as they are more applicable for testing components that require learning, creativity and intuition or structural analysis. Exploratory testing is an approach to testing that emphasizes learning, test design and test execution at the same time. Exploratory testing relies on the tester's skills, creativity and intuition to explore the software under test and discover defects. Statement coverage is a type of structural testing that measures how many statements in a program have been executed by a test suite. Statement coverage can be used to assess the adequacy or completeness of a test suite.
Decision coverage and fault attack are not suitable for testing the login page of a web site, as they are more applicable for testing components that have complex logic or potential errors. Decision coverage is a type of structural testing that measures how many decision outcomes in a program have been executed by a test suite. Decision coverage can be used to assess the adequacy or completeness of a test suite. Fault attack is a type of functional testing that deliberately introduces faults into a system in order to provoke failures or errors. Verified Reference: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 4, page 34-46; Chapter 5, page 47-48.
NEW QUESTION # 134
Which of the following is a factor that contributes to a successful review?
- A. All participants in the review are trained to deal with the review type and its objectives.
- B. The author of the work product to be reviewed leads the review meeting.
- C. Review metrics must be collected to improve the review process
- D. All participants in the review are aware they will be evaluated based on the defects they will find
Answer: A
Explanation:
A successful review process involves all participants being trained in the review type and understanding its objectives. This ensures that everyone can contribute effectively and understand what is expected from the review. Proper training helps to identify defects accurately and facilitates constructive feedback, leading to a more efficient and effective review process. Hence, statement C is correct according to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus.
NEW QUESTION # 135
Pariksha labs is a mature software testing company. They are TMMi level 5 certified. Their testing processes are well defined. Which ONE of the following statements is likely to be CORRECT about them?
- A. The company uses same test strategy for all the projects doing minor changes based on test manager responsible for the project because their test strategy template is very mature and do not need to change
- B. The question about the test design techniques to be used is determined based on various factors such as the domain and expectations of the stakeholders
- C. They try to perform 100% automation for every project because automation is a must for efficiency
- D. Same set of testing processes are used by them without needing any tweaks because that is the hallmark of a mature testing company.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 136
Given the following requirement:
Requirement ID: 2 8
Requirement Description Additional Entrance Fee
Detailed Description
An additional fee of S3 is charged during the weekend, but
1) Visitors aged under 7 are not charged.
2) Visitors aged 7 to 13 inclusive get a 20% discount off the additional fee.
3) Visitors aged greater than 65 get a 50% discount off the additional fee.
Age should be an integer of 0 or above.
Weekend means Friday to Sunday inclusive.
Which of the following statements isNOTcorrect?
- A. A minimum of 6 valid test cases are derived from boundary value analysis based on input age.
- B. Thursday is a valid input boundary value.
- C. $3.01 is a valid output boundary value.
- D. 7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition including age 10.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Boundary value analysis is a technique that tests boundary values between partitions of equivalent data.
Boundary values are values at the edge of an equivalence partition or at the smallest incremental distance on either side of an edge. Boundary value analysis can be applied to both input and output values. Based on the given requirement, we can identify two input values: age and weekend. Age should be an integer of 0 or above, and weekend means Friday to Sunday inclusive. The following statement is not correct:
* A) Thursday is a valid input boundary value. This statement is not correct, as Thursday is not a boundary value for the input weekend. The boundary values for the input weekend are Friday and Sunday, as they are at the edge of the equivalence partition that represents weekend days. The following statements are correct:
* B) A minimum of 6 valid test cases are derived from boundary value analysis based on input age. This statement is correct, as we can derive six valid test cases based on input age by using the minimum and maximum values for each equivalence partition defined by the requirement. The equivalence partitions for input age are: under 7 (0 to 6), 7 to 13 inclusive (7 to 13), and greater than 65 (66 and above). The minimum and maximum values for each partition are: 0 and 6, 7 and 13, and 66 and any value above it.
* C) $3.01 is a valid output boundary value. This statement is correct, as $3.01 is a boundary value for the output additional fee. The additional fee can have four possible values depending on the input age: $0 (for visitors aged under 7), $2.40 (for visitors aged 7 to 13 inclusive with a 20% discount), $1.50 (for visitors aged greater than 65 with a 50% discount), and $3 (for visitors aged between 14 and 65). The boundary values for the output additional fee are $0 and $3, as they are at the edge of an equivalence partition or at the smallest incremental distance on either side of an edge. Therefore, $3.01 is a valid output boundary value, as it is at the smallest incremental distance above $3.
* D) 7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition including age 10. This statement is correct, as 7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition that represents visitors aged 7 to
13 inclusive. This partition includes age 10, which is an internal value within the partition. Verified References: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 4, page 37-38.
NEW QUESTION # 137
4 equivalence classes are given for integer values:
0 < x <100
100<= x <= 200
200 < x < 500
x >= 500
Which of the following options represent correct set of data for valid equivalence class partitions?
- A. 50; 100; 250; 1000
- B. 0.50; 100; 150.200.350.500;
- C. 0. 1.99, 100.200,201.499, 500;
- D. 50; 100; 200. 1000
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct set of data for valid equivalence class partitions should include one value from each equivalence class, and no value from outside the range. Option C satisfies this condition, as it has one value from each of the four equivalence classes (50, 100, 250, 500). Option A has two values from the same equivalence class (100 and 200), option B has values outside the range (0 and 0.99), and option D has two values from the same equivalence class (1000 and 500). Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level
2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 35.
NEW QUESTION # 138
Consider the following user story and its acceptance criteria:
User Story:
As a member of the "Agnotoly" association, I want to be able to pay the association's dues through an automatic payment method so that I can forget about payment deadlines.
Acceptance Criteria:
* The member can only pay with 'Agnesis Master' credit card.
* The member must register their cell phone number.
* The member must register the credit card in the payment system.
* The member must select a payment method (monthly or annual).
* The member must accept the terms and conditions for the selected method.
* If terms and conditions are accepted, the system sends an OTP (one-time password) to the member's phone for verification.
* The payment method is registered only after OTP verification.
* Once the payment method is registered, the system will charge on the first business day of the following month.
Test Cycle Results:
* Members successfully paid dues using the credit card.
* Payments were processed monthly and for over a year.
Which ONE of the following options identifies the acceptance criteria that has NOT been fully covered?
- A. Acceptance criteria 4 has not been fully covered during the above test cycle.
- B. Acceptance criteria 8 has not been fully covered during the above test cycle.
- C. Acceptance criteria 6 has not been fully covered during the above test cycle.
- D. All acceptance criteria have been fully covered during the above test cycle.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Acceptance criteria 8 states that the system should charge the user on the first business day of the following month. However, the test cycle only verified monthly payments for over a year, without confirming whether payments were processed specifically on the first business day.
* (B) is incorrect because the test validated monthly and annual payment options.
* (C) is incorrect because not all criteria were fully validated.
* (D) is incorrect because OTP verification (6) was tested as part of registration.
Ensuring timely execution of payments (Criteria 8) requires additional validation.
Reference: ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 5.1.5 - Test Prioritization and Acceptance Testing
NEW QUESTION # 139
Which ONE of the following options MOST ACCURATELY describes the activities of "testing" and
"debugging"?
- A. Testing identifies a defect that is caused by an error in the software, whereas debugging is concerned with finding the causes of this defect, analyzing these causes, and eliminating them.
- B. Testing triggers a failure that is caused by a defect in the software, whereas debugging is concerned with finding the causes of this failure (defects), analyzing these causes, and reproducing them.
- C. Testing triggers a failure that is caused by a defect in the software, whereas debugging is concerned with finding the causes of this failure (defects), analyzing these causes, and eliminating them.
- D. Testing triggers a defect that is caused by an error in the software, whereas debugging is concerned with finding the causes of this defect, analyzing these causes, and eliminating them.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Testing and debugging are separate but related activities. Testing executes the software to identify failures that result from defects (A). Debugging is the developer's responsibility and involves finding the cause of a failure (defect), analyzing it, and fixing the defect. The ISTQB syllabus explicitly differentiates these activities. Testing does not modify the software, whereas debugging does.
Reference: ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 1.1.2 - Testing and Debugging
NEW QUESTION # 140
You are testing a system that is used in motor vehicles to warn the driver of an obstacle when re-versing.
Output is provided by a series of LED lights (green, yellow, and red), each illuminated based on clearly defined conditions.
The following summary describes the functionality:
*Object within 10 metres, green LED lit.
*Object within 5 metres, yellow LED lit.
*Object within 1 metre, red LED lit.
*Setting sensitivity mode to "ON" will result in only the red LED being lit when the object is within 1 metre.
The following decision table describes the rules associated with the functioning of this proximity warning system:
Which intended functionality is tested by Rule 5 in the decision table?
- A. Object is within 5 metres of the vehicle and the sensitivity mode is switched "on", resulting in the yellow LED being lit.
- B. Object is within 5 metres of the vehicle and the sensitivity mode is switched "off", resulting in the yellow LED being lit.
- C. Object is within 5 metres of the vehicle and the sensitivity mode is switched "off", resulting in no LED being lit.
- D. Object is within 5 metres of the vehicle and the sensitivity mode is switched "on", resulting in no LED being lit.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Rule 5 in the decision table indicates that when the object is within 5 metres of the vehicle and the sensitivity mode is switched "on", no LED is lit. This matches the conditions and actions described in the decision table provided, ensuring that only the red LED is lit when the sensitivity mode is on and the object is within 1 metre, otherwise no LED is lit .
NEW QUESTION # 141
Which statement best describes the key difference between a mindset for test activities and a mindset for development activities?
- A. A tester is concerned with finding defects while a developer is interested in designing solutions
- B. A tester possesses professional pessimism while a developer is concerned with validating the product
- C. A tester is concerned with verifying the product while a developer possesses professional pessimism
- D. A tester is interested in building solutions while a developer is concerned with verifying the product
Answer: A
Explanation:
The key difference between the mindsets for test activities and development activities lies in the objectives: a tester is primarily concerned with finding defects to ensure product quality, while a developer focuses on designing and building solutions. This distinct focus helps ensure thorough quality checks and balances within the software development life cycle (ISTQB not-for-profit association).
Reference:
ISTQBCertified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0: https://istqb-main-web-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/media/documents/ISTQB_CTFL_Syllabus-v4.0.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 142
Which ONE of the following statements about maintenance testing is CORRECT?
- A. Maintenance testing is only required when defects are reported in production.
- B. Maintenance testing does not require test cases since it focuses solely on defect verification.
- C. Maintenance testing is performed exclusively for adaptive maintenance.
- D. Maintenance testing should be performed when enhancements, fixes, or updates are applied to an existing system.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:Maintenance testing is carried outwhenever changes are made to an existing system, including enhancements, defect fixes, and system migrations (C). It is not limited to adaptive maintenance (A) and is needed even when no defects are reported (B). Test cases are essential to validate fixes and prevent regressions (D).
NEW QUESTION # 143
A system has valid input numbers ranging between 1000 and 99999 (both inclusive). Which of the following inputs are a result of designing tests for all valid equivalence classes and their boundaries?
- A. 999.1000.23232.99999.100000
- B. 999.1000.50000.100000.100001
- C. 1000,50000,99999
- D. 999.100000
Answer: B
Explanation:
A correct list of boundary values for the P input should include the minimum and maximum values of the valid range (15 and 350), as well as the values just below and above the boundaries (14 and 351). Boundary value analysis is a test design technique that involves testing the values at or near the boundaries of an input domain or output range, as these values are more likely to cause errors than values in the middle. Option B satisfies this condition, as it has all four boundary values (14, 15, 350, 351). Option A has two values from the same equivalence class (1000 and 99999), option C has two values outside the range (999 and 100000), and option D has no boundary values at all. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 34.
NEW QUESTION # 144
Which ONE of the following options BEST describes the purpose of confirmation testing versus regression testing?
- A. Confirmation testing verifies all system requirements, while regression testing ensures that no additional test cases are needed.
- B. Regression testing and confirmation testing are interchangeable and serve the same purpose.
- C. Confirmation testing ensures the entire system functions as expected, whereas regression testing focuses only on modified components.
- D. The purpose of confirmation testing is to confirm that the defect giving rise to a failure has been successfully fixed. The regression test aims to ensure that no defects have been introduced or discovered in unmodified areas of the software as a result of the changes made.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Confirmation testing is performed after a defect is fixed to confirm it no longer exists (A). Regression testing ensures new defects have not been introduced in unchanged parts of the system. Regression testing is broader than confirmation testing and covers unmodified areas affected by the changes. Options B, C, and D misrepresent the relationship and scope of these tests.
Reference: ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 2.2.3 - Confirmation Testing and Regression Testing
NEW QUESTION # 145
A state transition diagram describes a control system's behavior in different operational modes. The initial state is "NORMAL MODE".
Which ONE of the following test cases covers an INVALID sequence?
- A. NORMAL MODE → DEGRADED MODE → NORMAL MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE → DEGRADED MODE → EMERGENCY MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE
- B. NORMAL MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE → NORMAL MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE → EMERGENCY MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE → NORMAL MODE
- C. NORMAL MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE → DEGRADED MODE → EMERGENCY MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE → NORMAL MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE
- D. NORMAL MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE → DEGRADED MODE → EMERGENCY MODE → DIAGNOSTIC MODE → NORMAL MODE → DEGRADED MODE
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
State transition testing validates valid and invalid state transitions based on defined rules.
D is invalid because it transitions from DIAGNOSTIC MODE directly to EMERGENCY MODE, which is not a valid state change in most systems.
Other options follow valid sequences according to state transition rules.
NEW QUESTION # 146
A Test Manager conducts risk assessment for a project. One of the identified risks is: The sub-contractor may fail to meet his commitment". If this risk materializes. it will lead to delay in completion of testing required for the current cycle.
Which of the following sentences correctly describes the risk?
- A. It is a product risk since any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk.
- B. It is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party (the sub-contractor) is now managing it
- C. It is a object risk since successful completion of the object depends on successful and timely completion of the tests
- D. It is a product risk since default on part of the sub-contractor may lead to delay in release of the product
Answer: D
Explanation:
* A product risk is a risk that affects the quality or timeliness of the software product being developed or tested1. Product risks are related to the requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance of the software product2.
* The risk of the sub-contractor failing to meet his commitment is a product risk, as it could cause a delay in the completion of the testing required for the current cycle, which in turn could affect the release date of the product. The release date is an important aspect of the product quality, as it reflects the customer satisfaction and the market competitiveness of the product3.
* The other options are not correct because:
* A. It is not true that any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk. Some risks could be project risks, which are risks that affect the management or control of the software project, such as budget, resources, schedule, or communication1. For example, a risk of losing a key project stakeholder is a project risk, not a product risk.
* B. It is not true that the risk is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party is managing it. The Test Manager is still responsible for ensuring that the testing activities are completed according to the test plan and the quality objectives4. The Test Manager should monitor and control the sub-contractor's performance and communicate with him regularly to identify and mitigate any potential issues or deviations5.
* C. It is not clear what is meant by "object" in this option, but it could be interpreted as the software system under test or the test object6. In any case, the risk is not an object risk, as it does not affect the successful completion of the object, but rather the successful completion of the testing of the object. An object risk could be a risk that affects the functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, or portability of the software system under test2. For example, a risk of the software system having a high complexity or a low testability is an object risk, not a product risk.
References =
* 1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 97
* 2 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 98
* 3 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 99
* 4 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 100
* 5 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 101
* 6 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 102
NEW QUESTION # 147
You are testing a room upgrade system for a hotel. The system accepts three differed types of room (increasing order of luxury): Platinum. Silver and Gold Luxury. ONLY a Preferred Guest Card holder s eligible for an upgrade.
Below you can find the decision table defining the upgrade eligibility:
What is the expected result for each of the following test cases?
Customer A: Preference Guest Card holder, holding a Silver room
Customer B: Non Preferred Guest Card holder, holding a Platinum room
- A. Customer A: offers upgrade to Gold Luxury room; Customer B: doesn't offer any upgrade
- B. Customer A: doesn't offer any upgrade; Customer B: doesn't offer any upgrade.
- C. Customer A: offers upgrade to Silver room; Customer B: offers upgrade to Silver room.
- D. Customer A; doesn't offer any upgrade; Customer B: offers upgrade to Gold luxury room
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to the decision table in the image, a Preferred Guest Card holder with a Silver room is eligible for an upgrade to Gold Luxury (YES), while a non-Preferred Guest Card holder, regardless of room type, is not eligible for any upgrade (NO). Therefore, Customer A (a Preferred Guest Card holder with a Silver room) would be offered an upgrade to Gold Luxury, and Customer B (a non-Preferred Guest Card holder with a Platinum room) would not be offered any upgrade. Reference = The answer is derived directly from the decision table provided in the image; specific ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 documents are not referenced.
NEW QUESTION # 148
Which ONE of the following statements about state transition testing is correct?
- A. The size of the state table depends on the number of possible transitions between the states
- B. All transitions between states are explicitly shown in the state table.
- C. Usually it is not possible to create tests to cover ell transitions and all stales
- D. The state transition diagram explicitly shows all invalid transitions.
Answer: B
Explanation:
State transition testing is a black-box testing technique used to analyze the behavior of a system by examining the transitions between different states in response to events. In state transition testing, a state table or diagram is used to represent the states of a system and the transitions between these states triggered by events.
Option D is correct because in state transition testing, all transitions between states should be explicitly shown in the state table. This includes valid transitions that the system is expected to make under normal operation and, where relevant, invalid transitions that should be tested to ensure the system handles unexpected or erroneous inputs gracefully. The state table provides a comprehensive view of how the system should behave, making it possible to create tests that cover all defined transitions.
NEW QUESTION # 149
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